@article {pub3332,
	title = {Evolutionary Black-Box Topology Optimization: Challenges and Promises},
	author = {David Guirguis AND Nikola Aulig AND Renato Picelli AND Bo Zhu AND Yuqing Zhou AND William Vicente AND Francesco Iorio AND Markus Olhofer AND Wojciech Matusik AND Carlos A. Coello Coello AND Kazuhiro Saitou},
	year = {2020},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {Black-box topology optimization (BBTO) aims at utilization of evolutionary computation and other soft computing methodologies to generate near-optimal topologies of mechanical structures. Although evolutionary computation is capable to overcome some limitations of conventional and well-received
gradient optimization, methods based on BBTO have been criticized for numerous drawbacks. In this paper, we discuss topology optimization as a black-box optimization problem, drawbacks of BBTO, as well as techniques to avoid them. Breaking through those drawbacks will push BBTO towards
exploitation of recent advances in evolutionary computation and the advantages of general applicability, and ability to tackle industrial BB problems, highly-constrained problems, nonlinear and multimodal problems, and problems with many objectives. Thus, that will open the door for innovating new applications for
topology optimization, in science and engineering that may go beyond classical optimization problems of structural engineering. In addition, extensions for BBTO can be added to software toolboxes of topology optimization.

This is the second paper of a two-part review. The review discusses topology optimization as a black-box optimization problem and proposes approaches to  void or mitigate limitations of black-box topology optimization (BBTO). In the precursor paper of this review, we have discussed the BBTO problem and presented a survey for major contributions on BBTO. In addition, we have presented approaches for design representation, optimization algorithms and speeding up computation by using GPUs and multiprocessing. In this paper, we continue what we have presented by discussing recent developments in this topic that succeeded to reduce the limitations of BBTO. Furthermore, comparisons between BBTO and other topology optimization approaches are performed. Finally, we review applications of topology optimization on structural engineering, crashworthiness design, design for manufacturing, additive manufacturing, design-dependent physics, multi-physics, and mesh-free applications.},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation},
	editor = {IEEE},
	volume = {24},
	number = {4}
}