@article {pub2939,
	title = {Car Gestures {\textendash} Advisory Warning Using Additional Steering Wheel Angles},
	author = {Christian Maag AND Norbert Schneider AND Thomas L{\"u}bbeke AND Thomas H Weisswange AND Christian Goerick},
	year = {2015},
	month = {August},
	abstract = {Advisory warning systems (AWS) notify the driver about upcoming hazards. The driving simulator study (N=24) compared an AWS based on additional steering wheel angles (Car Gestures) with a visual warning presented in a simulated head-up display (HUD). A condition of unassisted driving was added to the experimental design. The subjects were confronted with potential hazards in a variety of urban situations (e.g. pedestrian standing on the curbs). Subjective ratings show that the subjects prefer visual warnings over haptic information via gestures. An analysis of driving behavior indicates that both warning approaches guide the vehicle away from the potential hazard. Whereas gestures lead to a faster lateral driving reaction (compared to HUD warnings), the visual warnings result in a safety benefit (measured by the minimum distance to the hazard object). A controllability study with gestures to the wrong direction (i.e. leading towards the hazard object) shows that drivers are able to cope with wrong haptic warnings. Future research should focus on a deeper understanding of effects of AWS based on gestures on novice vs. experienced drivers and effects of secondary tasks on the efficiency of haptic vs. visual warnings.},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
	volume = {83},
	pages = {143{\textendash}153}
}